GRAPHICS FUNCTIONS
- Putpixel
Purpose:-Putpixel function is to draw the pixel on the screen. Pixel is small dot on the screen.
Syntax:-putpixel(x co-orinate, y co-ordinate,COLOR);
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Example: – putpixel(100,100,BLUE);
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- SetbkColor
Purpose:-Setbkcolor function is used to set background color of the screen.
Syntax:-setbkcolor(COLOR);
Syntax Laptops For Kids
Example:-setbkcolor(RED);
- Setlinestyle
Purpose:-setlinestyle function is used to set the current line style, width and pattern
Syntax:-setlinestyle(linestyle, pattern, thickness);
Example:-setlinestyle(SOLID_LINE,1,2);
- Setcolor
Purpose:-setcolor is to set color of the objects which is to be drawn after this setcolor line.
Syntax:-setcolor(COLOR);
Example:-setcolor(RED);
- Rectange:-
Purpose:- Rectangle function is used to draw the rectangle on the screen. X1,y1 are the lower left co-ordinates of the rectangle and the x2,y2 are the upper right co-ordinates of the rectangle.
Syntax:– rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);
Example:– rectangle(100,100,200,200);
- Textheight
Purpose:-textheight returns the height of a string in pixels.
Syntax:-textheight(STRING);
Example:-i=textheight(“HELLO”);
- Textwidth
Purpose:-textwidth returns the width of a string in pixels
Syntax:-textwidth(STRING);
Example:-i=textwidth(“HELLO”);
- Getx
Purpose:-getx returns the current position’s of x o-ordinate
Syntax:-getx();
Example:-x=getx();
- Gety
Purpose:-gety returns the current position’s of y co-ordinate
Syntax:-gety();
Example:-y=gety();
- Getmaxx
Purpose:-getmaxxreturns the maximum x co-ordinate on the screen
Syntax:-getmaxx();
Example:-maxx=getmaxx();
- Getmaxy
Purpose:-getmaxy returns the maximum y co-ordinate on the screen
Syntax:-getmaxy();
Example:-maxy=getmaxy();
- Line
Purpose:-Line function is used to draw the line on the screen.
Syntax: line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
Example:-line(100,100,200,100);
- Closegraph
Purpose:-closegraph function shut down the graphic system
Syntax:-closegraph();
Example:-closegraph();
- Moveto
Purpose:-moveto function moves current cursor position on the screen
Syntax:-moveto(x co-ordinate, y co-ordinate);
Example:-moveto(getmaxx/2, getmaxy/2);
- Settextstyle
Purpose:-settextstyle sets the current text characteristics like font, direction and size
Syntax:-settextstyle(font, direction size);
Example:-settextstyle(1,1,10);
Font 1 DEFAULT
2 TRIPLEX
3 SMALL
4 SANS SERIF
5 GOTHIC
Direction 0 HORIZ_DIR
- VERT_DIR
Size 0 SMALL
10 large
- Circle
Purpose: Circle function is used to draw the circle on the screen
Syntax:– circle(x,y,radius);
Example:circle(100,100,50);
- Cleardevice
Purpose: cleardevice function is used to clear the contents or graphic images on the screen in graphics mode.
Syntax:cleardevice();
Example:cleardevice();
- Outtextxy
Purpose: outtextxy function is used to print the text on the screen in graphics mode.
Syntax:outtext(x,y,text);
Example:-outtextxy(100,100,”HELLO”);
- Sector
Purpose:sector function draws and fills an elliptical pie slice.
Syntax:sector(x, y, starting angle, ending angle, xradius, yradius);
Example:sector(100,100,45 135 100 50);
- Arc
Purpose:arc draws the arc on the screen, arc is a part of the circle
Syntax:arc(x, y, starting angle, ending angle, radius);
Example:arc( 100,100,90,180,50);
- Setfillstyle
Purpose: setfillstyle is used to set the color and style to be filled in the object using the flood fill method.
Syntax:stefillstyle(STYLE, COLOR);
Example:setfillstyle(1,RED)
- Floodfill
Purpose:floodfill function is used to fill the color in the object, object may be circle, rectangle or any other closed image.
Syntax:floodfill(x,y,boundary color);
Example:floodfill(100,100,BLUE);
- Ellipse
Purpose:ellipse function is used to draw the ellipse on the screen.
Syntax:ellipse(x, y, starting angle, ending angle, xradius, yradius);
Example:ellipse(100,100,90,200,20,20);
- Outtext
Purpose:outtext function is used to display the text on the screen, using this function text is display in the current position.
Syntax:outtext(STRING);
Example:outtex(“HELLO”);
- Getcolor
Purpose:getcolor returns the current drawing color.
Syntax:getcolor();
Example:intclr = getcolor();
- Getpixel
Purpose:getpixel gets the color of a specified pixel.
Syntax:getpixel(x,y);
Example: color=getpixel(100,100);
- Go Tutorial
- Go Useful Resources
- Selected Reading
We discussed the basic structure of a Go program in the previous chapter. Now it will be easy to understand the other basic building blocks of the Go programming language.
Tokens in Go
A Go program consists of various tokens. A token is either a keyword, an identifier, a constant, a string literal, or a symbol. For example, the following Go statement consists of six tokens −
The individual tokens are −
Line Separator
In a Go program, the line separator key is a statement terminator. That is, individual statements don't need a special separator like “;” in C. The Go compiler internally places “;” as the statement terminator to indicate the end of one logical entity.
For example, take a look at the following statements −
Comments
Comments are like helping texts in your Go program and they are ignored by the compiler. They start with /* and terminates with the characters */ as shown below −
You cannot have comments within comments and they do not occur within a string or character literals.
Identifiers
A Go identifier is a name used to identify a variable, function, or any other user-defined item. An identifier starts with a letter A to Z or a to z or an underscore _ followed by zero or more letters, underscores, and digits (0 to 9).
identifier = letter { letter | unicode_digit }.
Go does not allow punctuation characters such as @, $, and % within identifiers. Go is a case-sensitive programming language. Thus, Manpower and manpower are two different identifiers in Go. Here are some examples of acceptable identifiers −
Keywords
The following list shows the reserved words in Go. These reserved words may not be used as constant or variable or any other identifier names.
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| break | default | func | interface | select |
| case | defer | Go | map | Struct |
| chan | else | Goto | package | Switch |
| const | fallthrough | if | range | Type |
| continue | for | import | return | Var |
Whitespace in Go
Whitespace is the term used in Go to describe blanks, tabs, newline characters, and comments. A line containing only whitespace, possibly with a comment, is known as a blank line, and a Go compiler totally ignores it.
Whitespaces separate one part of a statement from another and enables the compiler to identify where one element in a statement, such as int, ends and the next element begins. Therefore, in the following statement −
There must be at least one whitespace character (usually a space) between int and age for the compiler to be able to distinguish them. On the other hand, in the following statement −
No whitespace characters are necessary between fruit and =, or between = and apples, although you are free to include some if you wish for readability purpose.